Section B - Stainless steels

Martensitic stainless steel consumables

This section deals with consumables giving compositions and properties close to those of the more common martensitic stainless base materials. All are low hydrogen types and most have rutile flux coverings for use in the flat and H-V positions, since welds are more common in plate, forgings and castings than fixed pipework. Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) is mandatory, particularly for tempering the weld and HAZ of martensitic types.

Data Sheet	Alloy	Process	Product	Specifications
				AWS	BS EN / BS EN ISO
B-10	410	MMA	13.RMP	E410-26	E 13 R
			13.1.BMP	(E410-25)	DIN: E 13 1 MPB
		TIG/MIG	12Cr	ER410	13
B-11	410NiMo	MMA	13.4.Mo.LR	E410NiMo-26	E 13 4 R
		TIG/MIG	ER410NiMo	ER410NiMo	13 4
		FCW	Supercore 410NiMo	E410NiMoT1-1/4	T 13 4 P
B-12	17.4.PH/ FV520	MMA	FV520-1	--	--
			17.4.Cu.R	(E630-16)	--
		TIG	FV520-B	--	--
			17-4PH	ER630	--
		MCW	Metcore FV520	--	--

	Standard austenitic stainless steel consumables
The stainless steels in most widespread use are standard austenitic types. They combine general ease of fabrication with useful properties over a wide range of temperatures. Low carbon and other grades, effectively immune to HAZ corrosion (once known as weld decay), are produced economically by continuous casting, a process which relies on a particular solidification mode that also guarantees welds their resistance to hot cracking.
Consumables in this section are intended to match austenitic stainless steels, and some are modified for special service properties. The majority of electrodes have rutile or acid-rutile flux coverings for ease of use, although improved basic types are gaining popularity for fixed pipework. Many types have family variants optimised for particular user requirements: Supermet for downhand and HV welds, Ultramet (rutile) for all-positional welding, Ultramet P (rutile) and Ultramet B (basic) types for pipewelding, Vertamet for higher speed vertical-down welding, and Supercore for flux cored wires.
For normal service below about 400°C, it is common to weld low carbon 304L with 308L consumables, and Ti-stabilised 321 or unstabilised 304 with Nb-stabilised 347, although either is suitable for any combination of these 19%Cr-9%Ni alloys. Similarly, 19%Cr-12%Ni-2.5%Mo type 316L can be used instead of 318 (Nb-stabilised 316) for 316 and 316Ti as well as parent 316L. Above about 400°C 'H' grades are usual, and these high temperature weld metals with >0.04% carbon for strength and stability are covered in Section C. For cryogenic service, see below.
The final group of consumables in this section are intended for nuclear power applications. There are two types firstly those with an N suffix designed to meet the requirements of the French RCC-M Nuclear Construction Code (data sheets B-80 & B-81). The second group are the Nitric Acid Grade (NAG) 308L consumables designed for fuel reprocessing applications (data sheet B-88)

Data Sheet	Alloy	Process	Product	Specifications
				AWS	BS EN / BS EN ISO
B-30	308L	MMA	Supermet 308L	E308L-17	E 19 9 L R
			Ultramet 308L	E308L-16	E 19 9 L R
			Ultramet 308LP	E308L-16	E 19 9 L R
			Ultramet B308L	E308L-15	E 19 9 L B
		TIG	308S92	ER308L	W 19 9 L
		MIG	Supermig 308LSi	ER308LSi	G 19 9 L Si
		SAW	308S92	ER308L	S 19 9 L
		FCW	Supercore 308L	E308LT0-1/4	T 19 9 L R
			Supercore 308LP	E308LT1-1/4	T 19 9 L P
B-31	347	MMA	Ultramet 347	E347-16	E 19 9 Nb R
			Ultramet B347	E347-15	E 19 9 Nb B
		TIG/MIG/SAW	347S96	ER347	19 9 Nb
		FCW	Supercore 347	E347T0-1/4	T 19 9 Nb R
B-32	316L	MMA	Supermet 316L	E316L-17	E 19 12 3 L R
			Ultramet 316L	E316L-16	E 19 12 3 L R
			Ultramet 316LP	E316L-16	E 19 12 3 L R
			Ultramet B316L	E316L-15	E 19 12 3 L B
		TIG	316S92	ER316L	W 19 12 3 L
		MIG	Supermig 316LSi	ER316LSi	G 19 12 3 L Si
		SAW	316S92	ER316L	S 19 12 3 L
		FCW	Supercore 316L	E316LT0-1/4	T 19 12 3 L R
			Supercore 316LP	E316LT1-1/4	T 19 12 3 L P
			Superoot 316L	R316LT1-5	TS316L-R
B-33	316NF	MMA	Ultramet 316NF	(E316LMn-16)	E 18 15 3 L R
			Ultramet B316NF	(E316LMn-15)	E 18 15 3 L B
		TIG/MIG	ER316MnNF	ER316LMn	20 16 3 Mn L
		FCW	Supercore 316NF	(E316LT0-4)	(T 18 16 5 NL R)
B-34	318	MMA	Supermet 318	E318-17	E 19 12 3Nb R
		TIG/MIG/SAW	318S96	ER318	19 12 3 Nb
B-35	317L	MMA	Ultramet 317L	E317L-16	E 19 13 4NL R
		TIG/MIG	ER317L	ER317L	19 13 4 L
		FCW	Supercore 317LP	E317LT1-1/4	T 19 13 4 N L P
B-37	308LCF	MMA	Ultramet 308LCF	E308L-16	E 19 9 L R
			Ultramet B308LCF	E308L-15	E 19 9 L B
		TIG/SAW	ER308LCF	ER308L	19 9 L
		FCW	Supercore 308LCF	E308LT1-1/4	T 19 9 L P
B-38	316LCF	MMA	Ultramet 316LCF	E316L-16	--
			Ultramet B316LCF	E316L-15	--
		TIG/SAW	ER316LCF	ER316L	--
		FCW	Supercore 316LCF	E316LT1-1/4	TS316L-FB1
B-80	308LN	MMA	Ultramet 308L(N)	E308L-16	E 19 9 L R 3 2
		TIG	308S92(N)	ER308L	W 19 9 L
B-81	316LN	MMA	Ultramet 316L(N)	E316L-16	E 19 12 3 L R 3 2
		TIG	316S92(N)	ER316L	W 19 12 3 L
B-88	NAG	MMA	NAG 19.9.L.R	E308L-16	E 19 9 L R
		TIG	NAG 19.9.L	ER308L	W 19 9 L

South Hook LNG terminal is an LNG regasification terminal near Milford Haven and is the largest LNG terminal in Europe. Together with the smaller Dragon LNG terminal it can handle up to 25% of the UK's gas requirement. A range of Metrode consumables were used during construction, particularly the controlled ferrite CF types. The CF types were first used on the SAGE project in the early 1990’s and also during the construction of the terminal at Isle of Grain

309L and 309Mo consumables for dissimilar welding

Data Sheet	Alloy	Process	Product	Specifications
				AWS	BS EN / BS EN ISO
B-50	309L	MMA	Supermet 309L	E309L-17	E 23 12 L R
			Ultramet 309L	E309L-16	E 23 12 L R
			Ultramet 309LP	E309L-16	E 23 12 L R
			Ultramet B309L	E309L-15	E 23 12 L B
		TIG	309S92	ER309L	W 23 12 L
		MIG	Supermig 309LSi	ER309LSi	G 23 12 L Si
		SAW	309S92	ER309L	S 23 12 L
		FCW	Supercore 309L	E309LT0-1/4	T 23 12 L R
			Supercore 309LP	E309LT1-1/4	T 23 12 L P
B-51	309Mo	MMA	Supermet 309Mo	E309Mo-17	E 23 12 2 L R
			Ultramet B309Mo	E309Mo-15	E 23 12 2 L B
			Vertamet 309Mo	E309Mo-17	E 23 12 2 L R
		TIG/MIG/SAW	ER309Mo	(ER309Mo)	23 12 2 L
		FCW	Supercore 309Mo	E309LMoT0-1/4	T 23 12 2 L R
			Supercore 309MoP	E309LMoT1-1/4	T 23 12 2 L P
B-53	309Nb	MMA	Ultramet 309Nb	E309Cb-16	BS: 23.12.Nb.R

	Superaustenitic stainless steel consumables Lean duplex, duplex and superduplex stainless steel consumables
Although duplex and superaustenitic stainless steels are distinct alloy groups, they are both designed to resist severe corrosion and in some cases compete with each other. The duplex types have considerably higher strength. All have greatly increased resistance to stress-corrosion compared with the standard austenitics. High resistance to general corrosion and especially pitting in high chloride media is obtained with increased levels of chromium, molybdenum and nitrogen.
Duplex types are sub-divided into three groups based on their typical pitting resistance equivalent, PRE (%Cr + 3.3%Mo + 16%N). Standard duplex types with typically 22%Cr have a PRE of around 35 and superduplex types with typically 25%Cr have a PRE above 40. Parent material composition and processing is designed to give a microstructure balanced with 50:50 ferrite and austenite. Weld metals have similar composition except that nickel is increased to control ferrite in the as-welded condition within a desirable range of 25-60% for optimum mechanical and corrosion properties. Nitrogen additions also play an essential role in promoting austenite re-formation in weld metal and parent HAZ, as well as raising the pitting resistance.
The third group of duplex alloys, the lean duplex types, have a PRE of about 25 with corrosion performance comparable to 316L so they are generally not used in highly corrosive environments. The main use has been for structural applications where the high strength is beneficial. The lean duplex stainless steels are so called because some of the higher cost alloying, particularly nickel, is reduced to lower the cost. The lean duplex types can be welded with standard duplex consumables but matching lean duplex consumables are also offered (data sheet B-59).
In welding standard duplex alloys in general fabrication, procedures similar to the standard austenitics are usually satisfactory. However, these alloys are frequently used for pipework in which root corrosion performance is critical and this requires more stringent procedural control. Such controls are even more important for the superduplex alloys. Technical profiles are available which give guidance on these issues.
The superaustenitic stainless steels occupy a region of alloying between the standard austenitics and nickel-base alloys. (In nickel base alloys, nickel rather than iron forms the major balance of alloying). Since these alloys are fully austenitic, controlled interpass temperatures and heat input are desirable to minimise any possibility of hot cracking

Data Sheet	Alloy	Process	Product		Specifications
					AWS	BS EN / BS EN ISO
B-40	904L	MMA	Ultramet 904L		E385-16	E 20 25 5 CuNL R
		MMA	Ultramet B904L		E385-15	E 20 25 5 CuNL B
		TIG/MIG	20.25.4.Cu		ER385	20 25 5 CuNL
B-41	20	MMA	E320LR-15		E320LR-15	--
		TIG/MIG	ER320LR		ER320LR	--
B-42	825	MMA	E825L-15		--	DIN: EL-NiCr28Mo
		TIG/MIG	82-50		ERNiFeCr-1	BS: NA41
B-45	310L	MMA	25.20.LR		--	--
B-46	310MoLN	MMA	Ultramet B310MoLN		--	BS:25.21.2.LMn.B
B-47	Matching 6%Mo	MMA	20.18.6.Cu.R		--	--
B-59	Lean duplex	MMA		Ultramet 2304	--	--
		FCW		Supercore 2304P	--	--
B-60	Duplex	MMA		Supermet 2205	--	--
				Ultramet 2205	E2209-16	E 22 9 3 N L R
				Supermet 2205AR	E2209-17	E 22 9 3 L N R
				2205XKS	E2209-15	E 22 9 3 N L B
		TIG/MIG/SAW		ER329N	ER2209	22 9 3 N L
		FCW		Supercore 2205	E2209T0-1/4	T 22 9 3 N L R
				Supercore 2205P	E2209T1-1/4	T 22 9 3 N L P
B-61	Zeron^® 100 superduplex	MMA		Zeron^® 100XKS	E2595-15	E 25 9 4 N L B
		TIG/MIG/SAW		Zeron^® 100X	ER2594	25 9 4 N L
		FCW		Supercore Z100XP	--	--
B-62	2507 superduplex	MMA		2507XKS	E2594-15	E 25 9 4 N L B
				Ultramet 2507	E2594-16	E 25 9 4 N L R
		FCW		Supercore 2507	--	--
				Supercore 2507P	--	--
B-63	2553	MMA		Supermet 2506Cu	E2553-16	E 25 9 4 CuNL R
		FCW		Supercore 2507Cu	--	--
--	Matching composition	MMA		Supermet 2506	--	BS: 25.6.2.R
				Supermet 2507Cu	--	--

Buzzard Oil Field North Sea

Buzzard was discovered in May 2001 and is located in the Outer Moray Firth, central North Sea, 100 kilometres northeast of Aberdeen and 55 kilometres from the nearest landfall at Peterhead.

Not only is it one of the largest North Sea discoveries in recent years with over a billion barrels of oil in place; it is also one of the fastest to be sanctioned for development by UK authorities. The field has been approved for development a mere 30 months after it was discovered.

Metrode supplied considerable volumes of Zeron 100X during the fabrication of the Utilities and Production Decks already on site in The North Sea and for the current fabrication of the Production Sweetening deck.

Stainless Steel Strip

Alloy type

300 series stainless steel (308L, 347, 316L and 309L) for cladding applications.

Materials to be welded

Suitable for electroslag strip cladding with ES200 (datasheet F-50) and ES400 (data sheet F-52) flux.

Base materials being clad are most commonly those associated with pressure vessels eg. CMn boiler plate,

CrMo and CrMoV.

Applications

Used for cladding to provide general corrosion resistance (308L, 347 and 316L) and buffer layers (309L).

Typical applications include cladding of vessels for the petrochemical, refinery and chemical industries.

Data Sheet	Alloy	Process	Product	Specifications
				AWS	BS EN / BS EN ISO
B-85	308L	Cladding	EQ308L	EQ308L	BS: B 19 9 L
	347		EQ347	EQ347	BS: B 19 9 Nb
	316L		EQ316L	EQ316L	BS: B 19 12 3 L
	309L		EQ309L	EQ309L	BS: B 23 12 L